Cloud System Architecture

 



Front End

●   The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices.

Back End

●   The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

●   Application –

Application in backend refers to a software or platform to which client  accesses. Means it provides the service in backend as per the client  requirement.

●   Service –

Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services like  SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also manages which type of service the user accesses

●   Cloud Runtime –

Runtime  cloud          in backend refers      to provide platform/environment to the virtual machine

●   Storage –

Storage in backend refers to provide flexible and scalable storage service and  management of stored data.

●   Infrastructure –

Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to hardware and software components of cloud like it includes servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software  etc.

●   Management –

Management in backend refers to management of backend components like  application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security  mechanisms etc.

●   Security –

Security in backend refers to implementation of different security mechanisms  in the backend for secure cloud resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to  end-users.

●   Internet –

Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and  backend and establishes the interaction and communication between frontend  and backend.


 Cloud Computing Logical Architecture

  • Consumer/User Layer: Provides interfaces for users to access and interact with cloud services.
  • Service Management Layer: Manages service provisioning, metering, billing, and monitoring.
  • Cloud Services Layer: Provides core services such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS for consumers.
  • Resource Abstraction and Virtualization Layer: Virtualizes physical resources to provide scalable and elastic cloud resources.
  • Physical Resource Layer: The physical infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) that forms the foundation of the cloud.
  • Security and Compliance Layer: Ensures security, identity management, and compliance with regulations.
  • Network Layer: Provides connectivity and communication between cloud components and users.

This logical structure ensures flexibility, scalability, security, and efficiency in cloud environments, making it suitable for various use cases and industries.


Holistic Cloud Computing Reference Model

A Holistic Cloud Computing Reference Model integrates all components and functions of cloud computing to provide a clear, comprehensive framework for cloud adoption. The model includes:

  • Cloud Service Models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, representing different levels of service abstraction.
  • Deployment Models: Public, private, hybrid, and multi-cloud for diverse use cases.
  • Layered Architecture: Divided into layers such as user interface, service management, cloud services, virtualization, and physical resources.
  • Cross-Layer Functions: Security, monitoring, analytics, governance, and automation that ensure the environment operates efficiently and securely.
  • Ecosystem Integration: Multi-cloud, hybrid cloud, API integration, and third-party services.
  • Automation and Cost Management: Efficient resource management, automation for scaling and deployment, and cost optimization through billing models and monitoring.

This model ensures that cloud environments are scalable, flexible, secure, and aligned with organizational goals and industry standards.

 It provides a roadmap for designing, implementing, and managing cloud solutions in a way that addresses the full spectrum of operational, security, and business requirements.

Live Example: Deploying a Web Application on the Cloud

Imagine you are a startup company developing a web-based e-commerce application that allows users to buy and sell products online. You want to make this application available to a global audience, and you decide to use cloud computing to do so.

1. Choosing a Cloud Provider

You choose a cloud service provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform to host your application. These platforms offer multiple cloud services like IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

2. Setting Up Infrastructure (IaaS)

You use Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to rent virtual servers and storage instead of buying physical servers.

  • You create Virtual Machines (VMs) on AWS (using EC2) to host your application.
  • Use Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) to store images, product data, and user files.
  • Set up Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) to handle user accounts and transaction data.

3. Using Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Instead of manually configuring everything on the server, you use a Platform as a Service (PaaS).

  • You deploy your application code on AWS Elastic Beanstalk, which takes care of provisioning servers, load balancing, auto-scaling, and deploying your web app.
  • You no longer have to manage the operating system, middleware, or runtime environment – it’s all handled by AWS Elastic Beanstalk.

4. Storing Data in the Cloud

Your e-commerce application needs a database to store product information and user details. You use:

  • Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) for SQL databases, where all user transactions and order histories are stored securely.
  • Amazon DynamoDB to handle non-relational data such as customer session information, user preferences, and product reviews.

5. Content Delivery & Scaling

To ensure that your web app loads quickly for users around the world, you use Amazon CloudFront (a Content Delivery Network, CDN) to cache copies of your web pages and deliver them to users from data centers closest to them.

  • You enable auto-scaling on your EC2 instances to handle traffic spikes. For example, during a Black Friday sale, the cloud platform will automatically add more servers as traffic increases and remove them when traffic reduces.

6. Security and Compliance

You secure your application by:

  • Using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to create roles and permissions for different team members. For example, your developers have access to the code, while the marketing team has access to customer analytics.
  • Encrypting all customer data stored in your database using AWS Key Management Service (KMS).
  • Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for administrators to prevent unauthorized access.

7. Monitoring and Optimizing

You use AWS CloudWatch to monitor the health of your web application. It tracks CPU usage, memory, traffic, and logs any errors.

  • You also use AWS Cost Explorer to see how much you’re spending on cloud services and optimize costs by choosing the right instance sizes and adjusting storage needs.

8. Scaling Further with Microservices and Containers

As your e-commerce platform grows, you decide to break the application into smaller, independent components using microservices. You deploy each service (e.g., product service, payment service, user service) as a Docker container using AWS Fargate or Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS).

  • This allows you to scale individual components of your application separately.

9. Serverless Computing for Special Functions

For occasional tasks like sending an email confirmation when someone places an order, you decide to use AWS Lambda (serverless computing). You write small functions that execute automatically when an order is placed without having to manage the infrastructure.

  • This approach is cost-effective because you only pay when the function is executed, rather than paying for always-running servers.

10. Disaster Recovery and Backups

You ensure your application is protected against data loss by setting up automated backups using Amazon RDS and storing snapshots of your database. You also enable cross-region replication, meaning if one region (e.g., a data center in the US) goes down, your application can still function from another region (e.g., Europe).


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